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妹妹的英文单词是sister,这是一个简单的家庭成员称呼的英语表达。 纯文本标题: **妹妹英语怎么说:sister单词的正确拼写与用法详解**

relative 仅“家人、亲戚、亲属”,如兄弟、表亲、祖父母等,用作cn可数名词;

relation

1)同义于relative,但relation to结构不可用relative代替;

2)可表“亲戚关系,亲属关系”,用作un不可数名词。

如父子、师生——常使用单数形式的relation;

relations

本身可作为一个单词,表人、团体、种族、国家等之间的“关系,联系,交往”

该词具有正式、较为疏远的意味。

friends and relations或relations and friends亲朋,算是常见搭配。

relationship

指人与人间的关系与联系,密切、强烈的感情,常指两性间的亲密关系。

如loving relationship, married relationship。

l注意:

从血统或婚姻关系的远近来说,较近的亲戚用relation,较远的亲戚用relative。

——这种说法是不准确的,如:

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1733页relation词条3与relative词条

relation: a person who is in the same family as sb else cn. 亲戚;亲属

a close/near/distant relation of mine我的一位近亲

relative词条

relative: a person who is in the same family as sb else cn.亲戚;亲属

a close/distant relative近亲;远亲

relative,relation(s),relationship异同点



《英语词汇用法辨析手册》第223页relation/relationship词条

这两个名词都可以表示“联系”,但它们并不是在所有的上下文中都可以互换的:

Is there any relation/relationship between unemployment and crime?

在失业和犯罪之间有联系吗?

This evidence bears no relation (not relationship) in the case.

这个证据与这个案件之间没有联系。

What is his relationship (not relation) to the deceased? 他与死者之间是什么关系?

名词relationship偏向于指人与人之间的关系;

relation用于比较抽象的联系或关系。

同样的区别也适用于relationship和复数名词relations表示“(相互的感情)关系,交往;(事务上的)关系”的意义;

business relations商业往来

an intimate relationship亲密的关系

the government’s relations with the unions政府与工会的关系

his relationship with his wife他与妻子的关系

relation/relative

这两个名词都可以表示“亲戚,亲属”:

Most of her relations/relatives are going to the wedding.

大多数亲戚都打算去参加婚礼。

I have a distant relation/relative in Canada. 我在加拿大有一个远方亲戚。

《柯林斯高级英语用法词典》第750页relation, relative, relationship词条

这些词用来表示关系。

relations或relatives表示“亲戚”。

I said that I was a relation of her first husband. 我说我是她第一个丈夫的亲戚。

His wife had to visit some of her relatives. 他妻子不得不去拜访几位亲戚。

relation表示“关系”。

This fear was causing East-West relations to deteriorate.

这一恐惧引起了东西方之间关系的恶化。

The unions should have close relations with management.

工会应该与管理部门有密切关系。

relationship也表示“关系”。

The old relationship between the friends was quickly re-established.

朋友之间的老关系很快就重新建立起来了。

relationship也表示“密切关系;感情关系”,常常指两性之间的亲密关系。

Do you feel you are trapped by your relationship and would like to break away?

你觉得自己受到关系的限制并且想要脱身吗?

When the relationship ended two months ago, he said he wanted to die.

几个月前当关系结束时,他说他想去死。

relative,relation(s),relationship异同点

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第四版增补本)第1261页relation词条

relation, relations, relationship三个词。

relationship的用法最广,包括了relation和relations的许多含义。

relation和relationship可用以表示亲属关系:

A relation of mine is coming to stay. 我有个亲戚要来次暂住。

‘What’s your relationship to her?’ ‘She’s my cousin.’

“你跟她是什么亲戚?” “她是我的表妹。”

relationship可以指强烈的感情联系:

Their relationship has lasted many years. 他们的感情已有很多年了。

若不侧重个人关系或友谊时,可用relations或relationship:

Relationship with the USSR are improving. 与苏联的关系正在改善。

Britain has a unique relationship with the USA. 英国与美国之间的关系很特殊。

relation和relationship可以表示事物之间的相似处或一致性:

Some people say that there’s no relation/relationship between violence on television and crimes of violence.

有些人说电视中的暴力镜头与生活中的暴力犯罪并无关系。

《朗文当代英语大辞典》(新版)第1575页

relationship, relations, relation, connection

relationship with通常是指密切的关系,可能涉及强烈的感情:

Jane’s stormy relationship with her husband简与她丈夫之间一波三折的关系

What kind of relationship does she have with her mother?

她与她母亲的关系怎么样?

relations用于人、团体、国家等时,往往指共事或者交往的关系:

Relations between industrialists and environmentalists have improved recently.

工业家与环境保护者之间的关系进来有所改善。

relations这个词更为正式:

friends relations in the workplace/between East and West

工作场所里的友好关系/东西方之间的关系

relation或relationship to,如同connection,通常表示一个简单的事实:

Jane’s relationship to/connection with Jeff is that he is her uncle/boss.

简与杰夫的关系是他是她的叔叔/上司。

What relation has temperature to humidity? 温度与湿度有什么联系?

relationship between既可以表示人们或事情之间关系非常亲密或涉及强烈的情感,也可以仅仅表示一个事实:

the relationship between bosses and workers老板与工人的关系

What’s the relationship between temperature and humidity? 温度与湿度有什么联系?

relative,relation(s),relationship异同点

《剑桥英语用法词典》第599页relation或relationship词条

如果想表达一种抽象的联系,如何在二者中选择便成为一个问题,因为它们之间存在一些文体差别。BNC表明,抽象意义的relation(s)(联系)大多时候与学术和正式文本联系在一起,而relationship(s)(联系)在普通作品和学术作品中的数量几乎相当。

relationship(关系)也大量存在于各种文体,表示人际、社会和政治关系,如married relationship(婚姻关系)、loving relationship(恋爱关系),而relation不能出现在这样语境中。同样的原因,relation在习语in relation to中占据绝对优势。

relations或relatives

二者都表示“兄弟姐妹、堂表亲、姑姨等人”。但从CCAE和BNC看,在现代美国英语和英国英语中,relatives(亲戚)是目前使用普遍得的词。

relative(s)自不必解释,而relations(表示“亲属”的时候)总是被置于适当的上下文中,以使它的含义更清晰,如friends and relations/ relations and friends(亲朋)。

其他情况下,relations的典型用法比较抽象,出现在human/ industrial/ public/ race relations(人际/劳资/公共/种族关系)或bad/frosty/good/improved relations(糟糕的/冰冷的/好的/改善的关系)之类的搭配中,relatives用于“亲属”时能避免暂时的语义模糊,否则我们不知道political relations指在议会当议员的表亲,还是说话人与当权者的接触。

relative,relation(s),relationship异同点

《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第二版第1270页relationship词条

比较relationship, relation和relations。

这三个词都可用来使人想到人们之间或事物之间的关系。

relationship用于人时,暗示有强烈的感情上的亲密关系:

her relationship with her husband她同丈夫的关系

而relationship和relation两者都可用于相互依存的事物:

the relationship/relation between temperature and humidity温度和湿度的关系

relations则可用于表示人们或团体之间较为正式或较为疏远的关系:

The local community has good relations with the police.

地方社区同警方有着良好的关系。

Relations between our countries are improving.

我们两国之间的关系正在改善。

《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第二版第1269页relation词条

relation: a member of one’s family家人;亲戚;亲属

close/distant relations近/远亲

They invited all their relations to stay at Christmas.

他们邀请所有的亲戚来他们家过圣诞节。

My husband’s relations are my relations by marriage. 我丈夫的亲戚是我的嫡亲。

relation (between, to)关系

The actual cost bears no/little/some relation to (= matches not at all/not much/partly) what we expected. 实际费用和我们所想的完全不相(不太,有些)符合。

《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第二版第1269页relations词条

relations (between, with) 彼此间的看法;两者的关系

The relations between our two countries are not good just now.

我们两国之间的关系密切并不好。

relations交往

They have business relations with our firm. 他们同我们公司有商业来往。

《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第二版第1269页relationship词条

relationship (between, with) 友谊;关系

My relationship with my boyfriend has lasted six months now.

我同男友的友谊现在已持续了六个月。

the good relationship between the police and the local people

警方和当地居民的良好关系

relationship (between, to) 关系,联系

the relationship between wages and prices工资和物价之间的关系

relationship (between) 亲属关系

They’re both called Smith, but there’s no relationship between them.

他们两人都叫史密斯,可是他们之间没有亲属关系。


再回顾一下:

relative 仅“家人、亲戚、亲属”,如兄弟、表亲、祖父母等,用作cn可数名词;

relation

1)同义于relative,但relation to结构不可用relative代替;

2)可表“亲戚关系,亲属关系”,用作un不可数名词。

如父子、师生——常使用单数形式的relation;

relations

本身可作为一个单词,表人、团体、种族、国家等之间的“关系,联系,交往”

该词具有正式、较为疏远的意味。

friends and relations或relations and friends亲朋算是常见搭配。

relationship

指人与人间的关系与联系,密切、强烈的感情,常指两性间的亲密关系。

如loving relationship, married relationship。

l注意:

从血统或婚姻关系的远近来说,较近的亲戚用relation,较远的亲戚用relative。

——这种说法是不准确的,如:

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第1733页relation词条3与relative词条

relation: a person who is in the same family as sb else cn. 亲戚;亲属

a close/near/distant relation of mine我的一位近亲

relative词条

relative: a person who is in the same family as sb else cn.亲戚;亲属

a close/distant relative近亲;远亲

2017年10月08日

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